{"id":17356,"date":"2025-12-02T13:31:46","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T12:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/keratoconus\/"},"modified":"2026-10-04T16:53:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T14:53:24","slug":"keratoconus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus\/","title":{"rendered":"Keratoconus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-210e0391\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset bg-gradient\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-b81d04a9\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-207775a9\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns has-2-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-collapsedRows-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-e9418cff\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-neve-link-hover-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-style:none;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color);border-left-width:4px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">Keratoconus \u2013 diagnosis and treatment that stops the disease: crosslinking, CAIRS, ICL in Warsaw and Krakow<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sl-stadt-untertitel has-neve-link-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">Warsaw \u00b7 Krakow \u00b7 Vienna \u00b7 Zurich<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Keratoconus is a progressive thinning and bulging of the cornea, which distorts vision and eventually makes good correction with glasses impossible. Today, in most cases, the disease can be stopped and vision improved without a transplant. At SwissLaser, we offer a complete pathway: MS-39 tomography, crosslinking (also with laser), biological CAIRS rings, ICL lenses, and fitting of rigid contact lenses. Treatment is led by Dr. Victor Derhartunian, who has been performing crosslinking since 2007.    <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group sl-answer sl-zacma\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4597e620 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keratoconus in brief<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>What it is:<\/strong> a non-inflammatory corneal disease in which weakened tissue thins and bulges into a cone shape. Effect: increasing irregular astigmatism, blurred and double vision. Affects about 1 in 375 people (newer population studies), most often manifesting between 12 and 25 years of age.    <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>How we diagnose:<\/strong> MS-39 corneal tomography with epithelial map and Anterion biometry. This examination detects keratoconus years before visual acuity deteriorates and determines whether the disease is progressing. Qualification cost: 400 PLN, Warsaw and Krakow.  <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>How we treat:<\/strong> in stages, always with the least invasive method that suffices. <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/crosslinking-keratoconus-treatment\/\">Crosslinking (CXL)<\/a> stops progression (3,600 PLN per eye), CXL with laser smooths the cornea (8,700 PLN), <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/intracorneal-rings-cairs\/\">CAIRS rings<\/a> reconstruct advanced keratoconus (16,000 PLN), <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/lens-surgery\/phakic-lenses\/\">ICL lenses<\/a> correct the defect in stable keratoconus (11,000 PLN). Rigid and scleral lenses are fitted non-surgically. <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>When to act:<\/strong> when tomography confirms progression. In teenagers and young adults, the disease progresses fastest, so in this group, we do not wait for vision to worsen. Stable keratoconus is observed: follow-up every 6\u201312 months.  <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Where:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus-treatment-in-warsaw\/\">Warsaw, ul. Kolejowa 1<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus-treatment-in-krakow\/\">Krakow, ul. Kluczborska 15\/U3<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/crosslinking-krakow\/\">Crosslinking in Krakow<\/a>. The same surgeon, the same prices, patients from all over Poland. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sl-proof-line has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">SwissLaser in numbers: crosslinking since 2007, method learned from Prof. Theo Seiler in Zurich \u00b7 over 25,000 refractive procedures by the chief surgeon \u00b7 MS-39 and Anterion tomography \u00b7 one team in Warsaw, Krakow, Vienna, and Zurich \u00b7 Google: 4,8 (Warsaw) and 5,0 (Krakow) <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-63375db1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-primary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/book-an-appointment\/\">Book an appointment<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-secondary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/test-kwalifikacji\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preliminary qualification<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-0edccfe6\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-f56b6047\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset has-light-bg\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-5b3f8f33\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keratoconus \u2014 shortest answers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list sl-answer\">\n<li><strong>Can keratoconus be cured?<\/strong> There is no cure that reverses keratoconus, but the disease can be permanently stopped with crosslinking, and vision can be improved with lenses, CAIRS rings, or an ICL lens.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Does keratoconus lead to blindness?<\/strong> No. Even in advanced stages, the cornea remains transparent outside of scars, and vision can be rehabilitated with scleral lenses, CAIRS, or, as a last resort, a transplant. Untreated keratoconus leads to very poor vision, not blindness.  <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>How much does keratoconus treatment cost?<\/strong> Qualification with tomography 400 PLN. Crosslinking 3,600 PLN per eye, crosslinking with laser 8,700 PLN, CAIRS rings 16,000 PLN, ICL lens 11,000 PLN per eye. Two follow-up appointments in the first month are included in the procedure price, installments possible. Full price list for keratoconus treatment.   <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>How fast does keratoconus progress?<\/strong> It varies greatly. In teenagers, the curvature can increase by several diopters within a year, while in thirty-year-olds, changes can be minimal. Therefore, we compare tomographies at 3\u20136 month intervals instead of guessing. After 40.   <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Is keratoconus treatment reimbursed by the NFZ (National Health Fund)?<\/strong> Crosslinking has been included in the NFZ benefits package since September 2023, but only in selected hospitals and with waiting times ranging from several weeks to several months, which can be risky for progressive keratoconus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-ceafe6bc\" class=\"nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-ceafe6bcc\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 id=\"co-to-jest\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-neve-link-hover-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-style:none;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color);border-left-width:4px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">What happens to the cornea in keratoconus<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A healthy cornea has the shape of a regular dome and a thickness of about 520\u2013560 micrometers in the center. Its rigidity is ensured by collagen fibers connected by cross-links. In keratoconus, there are too few of these links: the tissue loses rigidity, thins (often below 450 micrometers), and under the influence of intraocular pressure, bulges forward, usually in the lower part of the cornea. The image reaching the retina is distorted: irregular astigmatism develops, which glasses cannot fully correct.   <\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The disease is painless and does not cause inflammation. The first changes are visible only in corneal tomography, most often first in the epithelial map, which smooths stromal irregularities and masks the disease. Therefore, keratoconus is often diagnosed late, after several changes of glasses that \u201cdon&#8217;t work.\u201d  <\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large sl-media\" style=\"max-width:960px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-rogowki-przekroj-pl.png\" alt=\"Diagram: normal cornea and keratoconus &#x2013; thinning and conical bulging of the cornea distort the image on the retina (irregular astigmatism)\" class=\"wp-image-26307\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1051\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-rogowki-przekroj-pl.png 1600w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-rogowki-przekroj-pl-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-rogowki-przekroj-pl-1024x673.png 1024w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-rogowki-przekroj-pl-768x504.png 768w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-rogowki-przekroj-pl-1536x1009.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Normal cornea and keratoconus cornea: thinning and conical bulging distort the image on the retina. Graphic: SwissLaser. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stages of keratoconus progression<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In clinical practice, we use the Amsler-Krumeich classification (based on curvature, corneal thickness, and refractive error) and the newer Belin ABCD scale, which separately assesses the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces, its thickness, and visual acuity. Below is a simplified guide to help understand your test results. <\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Stage<\/th><th>Curvature (Kmax)<\/th><th>Corneal thickness<\/th><th>What the patient notices<\/th><th>Typical treatment<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>I \u2013 early<\/td><td>below 48 D<\/td><td>above 500 \u00b5m<\/td><td>frequent changes in correction, slight blurring, worse night vision<\/td><td>observation or crosslinking, if progression<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>II \u2013 moderate<\/td><td>48\u201353 D<\/td><td>400\u2013500 \u00b5m<\/td><td>glasses do not provide full acuity, double vision, halos<\/td><td>crosslinking, often with laser; rigid contact lenses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>III \u2013 advanced<\/td><td>53\u201355 D<\/td><td>300\u2013400 \u00b5m<\/td><td>pronounced distortions, only rigid or scleral lenses tolerated<\/td><td>CAIRS, CXL in sub400 protocol, scleral lenses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IV \u2013 severe<\/td><td>above 55 D, scars<\/td><td>below 300 \u00b5m<\/td><td>significant reduction in acuity despite lenses<\/td><td>CAIRS or corneal transplant (DALK)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The stage is a starting point, not a verdict. The choice of method is primarily determined by whether the disease is progressing and how much corneal tissue remains. A detailed discussion of the scales can be found in the article <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/blog\/classification-and-correction-of-corneal-cone\/\">keratoconus classification and correction<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-38ecfe19\" class=\"nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset has-light-bg\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-38ecfe19c\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 id=\"objawy\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-neve-link-hover-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-style:none;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color);border-left-width:4px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">Symptoms of keratoconus: when to examine the cornea<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Symptoms develop slowly and can be mistaken for common myopia with astigmatism. These signs should prompt corneal tomography, especially in people under 30 years of age:  <\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Frequent changes in correction:<\/strong> new glasses every few months, increasing astigmatism, different refractive error in both eyes.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Glasses \u201cdon&#8217;t work\u201d:<\/strong> despite a correct prescription, the image remains blurred, letters have shadows or double (monocular diplopia).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Worse night vision:<\/strong> streaks and halos around lights, glare from headlights.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Light sensitivity and eye fatigue<\/strong>, frequent blinking, need to rub eyes.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Sudden blurring and pain in one eye<\/strong> (corneal edema, so-called hydrops) is a condition requiring an urgent visit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risk factors<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Eye rubbing:<\/strong> the best-documented factor we can influence. Chronic eye rubbing mechanically weakens the cornea; for allergies, we treat the itching instead of \u201crubbing it away.\u201d <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Allergy and atopy:<\/strong> allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Family history of keratoconus:<\/strong> about 10\u201315% of patients have a relative with the disease; siblings and children of affected individuals should undergo tomographic examination.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Down syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, sleep apnea<\/strong> increase the risk.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong> first symptoms between 10 and 25 years of age; progression usually ceases after 35\u201340 years of age, when the cornea naturally stiffens.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More about early signs in the article <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/blog\/corneal-cone-dont-miss-the-first-symptoms\/\">keratoconus: don&#8217;t miss the first symptoms<\/a>. If any of the points sound familiar, corneal tomography is the decisive examination, taking 20 minutes. <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-28067406\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-28067406c\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 id=\"diagnostyka\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-neve-link-hover-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-style:none;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color);border-left-width:4px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">Diagnosis: corneal tomography decides everything<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Keratoconus is not diagnosed \u201cby eye\u201d or solely based on worsening vision. The basis is imaging of both corneal surfaces and its thickness. In both clinics, we use two complementary devices:  <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-c7fd933e\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns has-3-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-collapsedRows-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-66bb6e3d\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/icon5-c892b3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285\" style=\"border-radius:15px;object-fit:cover;width:100px;height:100px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\">MS-39 Tomograph (CSO)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Combines Placido disc topography with anterior segment OCT tomography. It maps the epithelium and corneal stroma separately, allowing it to detect keratoconus before visual acuity changes and objectively compare subsequent examinations on the ABCD scale. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-e8518222\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/icon5-c892b3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285\" style=\"border-radius:15px;object-fit:cover;width:100px;height:100px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\">Anterion (Heidelberg)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Optical biometry and high-resolution anterior segment OCT: corneal thickness at every point, anterior chamber depth, parameters needed for planning CAIRS and ICL lenses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-2e91b557\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/icon5-c892b3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285\" style=\"border-radius:15px;object-fit:cover;width:100px;height:100px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\">Progression assessment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">We compare examinations at 3\u20136 month intervals. Progression is defined as, among other things, steepening of Kmax by more than 1 D per year, corneal thinning, or a change in the posterior surface. Progression is an indication for crosslinking, not merely the existence of keratoconus.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>history and refraction examination with and without correction<\/li>\n\n<li>MS-39 tomography with epithelial map and Anterion biometry<\/li>\n\n<li>pachymetry (thinnest corneal point) and keratometry<\/li>\n\n<li>slit-lamp examination: Vogt&#8217;s striae, Fleischer&#8217;s ring, scars<\/li>\n\n<li>intraocular pressure measurement and fundus examination after pupil dilation<\/li>\n\n<li>if keratoconus in the family: examination of siblings and children<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The qualification examination takes approximately 60\u201390 minutes and costs 400 PLN. Before the visit, discontinue soft contact lenses for 7 days, rigid or scleral lenses for 3\u20134 weeks, as they distort the corneal map. More: <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/examinations-and-qualification\/corneal-topography\/\">corneal topography<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/blog\/diagnostyka-stozka-rogowki-w-gabinecie-okulistycznym-krok-po-kroku\/\">keratoconus diagnosis step by step<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-ae009e6e\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-ae009e6ec\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 id=\"leczenie\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-neve-link-hover-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-style:none;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color);border-left-width:4px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">Keratoconus treatment ladder: from stopping the disease to better vision<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Treatment has two distinct goals that should not be confused. The first is to stop the disease. The second is to improve vision. We always start with the least invasive method that suffices at a given stage, and only add subsequent ones if needed.   <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-timeline-49f031ca\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-timeline\"><div class=\"o-timeline-root\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-timeline-item-7a1774fb\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-timeline-item\"><div class=\"o-timeline-container\"><div class=\"o-timeline-icon\"><\/div><div class=\"o-timeline-content\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-32-px-font-size\"><strong>Observation or crosslinking<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-cxl-uva.png\" alt=\"Icon: crosslinking &#x2013; riboflavin and UVA light irradiation of the cornea\" class=\"wp-image-26367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-cxl-uva.png 840w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-cxl-uva-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-cxl-uva-768x494.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stable keratoconus: control tomography every 6\u201312 months. Progressive keratoconus: crosslinking (CXL), which permanently stops the disease in over 90% of cases. The procedure takes about an hour, under topical anesthesia. 3,600 PLN per eye.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-timeline-item-0dacfcad\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-timeline-item\"><div class=\"o-timeline-container\"><div class=\"o-timeline-icon\"><\/div><div class=\"o-timeline-content\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-32-px-font-size\"><strong>Crosslinking with laser<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-laser.png\" alt=\"Icon: laser corneal regularization\" class=\"wp-image-26371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-laser.png 840w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-laser-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-laser-768x494.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the cornea is very irregular, we combine CXL with laser in one procedure: the Cretan protocol (CXL + PTK), Athenian protocol (CXL + topography-guided PRK), or Total Corneal Wavefront. It stops the disease and smooths the cornea. 8,700 PLN per eye.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-timeline-item-f217218b\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-timeline-item\"><div class=\"o-timeline-container\"><div class=\"o-timeline-icon\"><\/div><div class=\"o-timeline-content\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-32-px-font-size\"><strong>CAIRS rings<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-cairs-ring.png\" alt=\"Icon: CAIRS rings in the cornea\" class=\"wp-image-26370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-cairs-ring.png 840w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-cairs-ring-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-cairs-ring-768x494.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Advanced keratoconus, intolerance to rigid contact lenses: segments of human corneal tissue implanted into a channel created by a femtosecond laser flatten the cone and improve corneal regularity. An alternative to transplant. 16,000 PLN per eye, procedure at our center in Vienna.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-timeline-item-7da92701\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-timeline-item\"><div class=\"o-timeline-container\"><div class=\"o-timeline-icon\"><\/div><div class=\"o-timeline-content\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>ICL lenses or rigid contact lenses<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-icl-lens.png\" alt=\"Icon: ICL lens in the eye\" class=\"wp-image-26372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-icl-lens.png 840w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-icl-lens-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-ikona-icl-lens-768x494.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After corneal stabilization, the remaining refractive error is corrected with a phakic ICL lens (also toric, 11,000 PLN per eye) or non-surgically: with rigid and scleral lenses, which we fit in Krakow.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Method<\/th><th>Goal<\/th><th>For whom<\/th><th>Price per eye<\/th><th>More<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Crosslinking (CXL)<\/td><td>stopping progression<\/td><td>progressive keratoconus, cornea from 400 \u00b5m (thinner: sub400 protocol)<\/td><td>3,600 PLN<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/crosslinking-keratoconus-treatment\/\">crosslinking<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CXL + laser (Cretan, Athenian, TCW)<\/td><td>stopping progression and smoothing the cornea<\/td><td>irregular cornea with sufficient thickness<\/td><td>8,700 PLN<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/crosslinking-keratoconus-treatment\/#warianty\">laser variants<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CAIRS rings<\/td><td>shape reconstruction, vision improvement<\/td><td>advanced keratoconus, lens intolerance<\/td><td>16,000 PLN<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/intracorneal-rings-cairs\/\">CAIRS<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ICL lenses<\/td><td>refractive error correction without corneal intervention<\/td><td>stable keratoconus after CXL, refractive error up to -18 D, astigmatism up to 6 D<\/td><td>11,000 PLN<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/lens-surgery\/phakic-lenses\/\">phakic lenses<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rigid and scleral lenses<\/td><td>vision rehabilitation without surgery<\/td><td>any stage of keratoconus when glasses are insufficient<\/td><td>individual valuation<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/blog\/soczewki-twarde-stabilnoksztaltne-w-leczeniu-stozka-rogowki\/\">rigid lenses<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Corneal transplant (DALK, PK)<\/td><td>replacement of scarred cornea<\/td><td>central scars, extremely thin cornea<\/td><td>we refer to a reference center<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/blog\/kiedy-przeszczep-rogowki-nie-jest-konieczny-nowoczesne-metody-leczenia-stozka-rogowki\/\">when a transplant is not necessary<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We do not perform corneal transplants and we are open about it. Today, less than 5% of keratoconus patients need it, and the goal of early treatment is precisely to prevent it. <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-3e0c9623\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset has-light-bg\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-3e0c9623c\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 id=\"kiedy\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-neve-link-hover-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-style:none;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color);border-left-width:4px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">When to treat: we operate on progression, not keratoconus itself<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most important decision in the entire treatment is the timing of the procedure. Crosslinking performed too early exposes a patient whose keratoconus would have stopped anyway to surgery. Performed too late, it perpetuates a state where vision is already poor, because CXL stops the disease but does not reverse the distortion. Therefore, we base the decision on comparing tomographies, not on a single examination.   <\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Children and teenagers (from about 10 years of age):<\/strong> keratoconus progresses fastest in them and can be aggressive. With confirmed progression, we perform crosslinking without delay; in the youngest, the procedure takes place under general anesthesia at our center in Vienna, in Poland under topical anesthesia for cooperative teenagers. <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Adults 20\u201335 years:<\/strong> the most common group. Two tomographies at 3\u20136 month intervals determine progression; with a clear result or very young age, one examination is sufficient. <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>After 40 years of age:<\/strong> progression is rare but does occur (pregnancy, eye rubbing, thyroid diseases). Stable keratoconus is observed, and we focus on improving vision: lenses, ICL, CAIRS. <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Pregnancy and breastfeeding:<\/strong> hormonal changes can accelerate progression; the procedure is postponed until breastfeeding ends, but tomographic controls are more frequent.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>After laser vision correction (ectasia):<\/strong> we treat it like keratoconus, crosslinking is the method of choice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I have been performing cross-linking since 2007 and learned it from Prof. Theo Seiler, who created this method. The most important thing I learned from him was not the technique, but the indications: we operate on progression, not merely the existence of keratoconus. For a patient with stable keratoconus, the best decision might be a follow-up in six months, while for a sixteen-year-old with increasing curvature, the best decision is surgery next week.   <\/p>\n<cite>Dr. med. Victor Derhartunian, FEBO, FWCRS, leading surgeon at SwissLaser <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-c1e206f8\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-c1e206f8c\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 id=\"kwalifikacja\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-neve-link-hover-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-style:none;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color);border-left-width:4px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">Am I a candidate for keratoconus treatment?<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final answer is provided by tomography. Below is an orientation on who typically qualifies for individual methods. <\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Green light<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>documented keratoconus progression: increasing curvature or corneal thinning between examinations<\/li>\n\n<li>age 10\u201340 years, cornea without central scars<\/li>\n\n<li>corneal thickness from 400 \u00b5m (thinner corneas are treated with the sub400 protocol)<\/li>\n\n<li>advanced keratoconus with intolerance to rigid contact lenses: candidate for CAIRS<\/li>\n\n<li>stable keratoconus after CXL with refractive error up to -18 D: candidate for ICL lenses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yellow light \u2013 requires discussion<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>stable keratoconus without progression: usually observation, not surgery<\/li>\n\n<li>pregnancy and breastfeeding: procedure after breastfeeding ends<\/li>\n\n<li>severe dry eye syndrome, active allergic conjunctivitis: first treat the ocular surface<\/li>\n\n<li>previous corneal hydrops or peripheral scars: examination determines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Red light \u2013 but there are alternatives<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>central, dense corneal scars or thickness below 300 \u00b5m: consider CAIRS or refer for transplant (DALK)<\/li>\n\n<li>active inflammation or eye infection: first treatment, then qualification<\/li>\n\n<li>lack of cooperation during the procedure in a young child: general anesthesia in Vienna<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Want to check your chances before a visit? Fill out the <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/test-kwalifikacji\/\">preliminary online qualification<\/a>: describe the results of previous examinations and attach corneal maps if you have them. We respond within one business day.  <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-primary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/book-an-appointment\/\">Book an appointment<\/a><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-secondary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/test-kwalifikacji\/\">Preliminary qualification<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-f137c944\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset has-light-bg\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-f137c944c\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Sign up for a non-binding visit and consultation to learn how we can improve your vision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe48e5de wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-secondary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">see how to book<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-e2d9b902\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset has-light-bg\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-e2d9b902c\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 id=\"przyklad\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Case study: advanced keratoconus treatment plan<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Patient, 27 years old, stage III keratoconus in the right eye (Kmax 56 D, thinnest point 390 \u00b5m), intolerance to rigid contact lenses, 2 D progression within a year. Plan established based on MS-39 tomography: <\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stage 1 \u2013 CAIRS in Vienna:<\/strong> donor tissue segments in a femtosecond laser-created channel flattened the cone by approximately 5 D and significantly improved corneal regularity; follow-ups in Krakow.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Stage 2 \u2013 crosslinking after 3 months:<\/strong> the sub400 protocol adapted to corneal thickness stabilized the new shape and stopped progression.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Stage 3 \u2013 refractive error correction after one year of stability:<\/strong> toric ICL lens corrected the remaining myopia and astigmatism; the patient sees 0.8 without glasses, previously 0.3 with glasses.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not every patient needs three stages. Most people with early keratoconus complete treatment with crosslinking and good glasses or contact lenses. <\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Video: keratoconus, what it is and how we treat it<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Victor Derhartunian explains in Polish what keratoconus is, how tomography works, and how we choose the treatment method. Video from the SwissLaser channel. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"sl-video-wrap\" style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;border-radius:8px\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/4wWRUNwVydQ\" title=\"Keratoconus \u2013 what is it and how to treat it? | SwissLaser\" allow=\"accelerometer; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-d16c1f35\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-d16c1f35c\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 id=\"dlaczego\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-neve-link-hover-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-style:none;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color);border-left-width:4px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">Why patients with keratoconus choose SwissLaser<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Experience at the source of the method:<\/strong> Dr. Derhartunian has been performing crosslinking since 2007, from the first years after CE certification, and learned the method at the IROC clinic in Zurich from Prof. Theo Seiler, its creator. <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Full treatment ladder within one team:<\/strong> CXL, CXL with laser, CAIRS, ICL, rigid contact lenses. We don&#8217;t have to bend the diagnosis to fit one method we offer. <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Challenging corneas are routine:<\/strong> sub400 protocol for corneas thinner than 400 \u00b5m, Total Corneal Wavefront laser planning, CAIRS as one of the few pathways in Central Europe.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Diagnostics that see more:<\/strong> MS-39 with epithelial map and Anterion in both clinics; the same examination protocol in Warsaw, Krakow, Vienna, and Zurich.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Honest indications:<\/strong> stable keratoconus is observed, not operated on. We also state clearly what crosslinking will not do: it will not improve visual acuity, it will stop the disease. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"sl-proof-line wp-block-paragraph\">SwissLaser in numbers: crosslinking since 2007, method learned from Prof. Theo Seiler in Zurich \u00b7 over 25,000 refractive procedures by the chief surgeon \u00b7 MS-39 and Anterion tomography \u00b7 one team in Warsaw, Krakow, Vienna, and Zurich \u00b7 Google: 4,8 (Warsaw) and 5,0 (Krakow) <\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Our patients&#8217; reviews<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"sl-opinie-zeile wp-block-paragraph\">Google rating: <strong>Warsaw 4,8<\/strong> (reviews: 258) \u00b7 <strong>Krakow 5,0<\/strong> (reviews: 171). All reviews, unselected and unedited, can be read directly on Google: <a href=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com\/maps?cid=8928920568886604264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warsaw<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com\/maps?cid=8159414379212456185\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Krakow<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-9776ff13\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-9776ff13c\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 id=\"faq\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-neve-link-hover-color-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-style:none;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color);border-left-width:4px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">Keratoconus \u2013 Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-kc492\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion exclusive is-style-default\">\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>Is keratoconus hereditary?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Partially. About 10\u201315% of patients have a relative with keratoconus, and the risk in siblings is several times higher than in the general population. The predisposition is inherited, and eye rubbing and allergy trigger it. We recommend corneal tomography for siblings and children of patients, for children from about 10 years of age.    <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>Can I wear contact lenses with keratoconus?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, this is the primary non-surgical correction method. Soft lenses are sufficient only in the early stage; later, rigid gas permeable, hybrid, or scleral lenses are needed, which \u201coverride\u201d the irregular cornea. Lenses do not treat keratoconus or inhibit progression; crosslinking serves this purpose.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>Will crosslinking improve my vision?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The goal of crosslinking is to stop the disease, not to improve visual acuity. In some patients, the cornea flattens by 1\u20132 D after the procedure and vision improves slightly, but this should not be expected. If you are interested in better vision, we discuss the laser variant, CAIRS, or an ICL lens.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>Can laser vision correction be performed with keratoconus?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Classic LASIK is contraindicated because it further weakens the cornea. However, combining crosslinking with topography-guided laser (Athenian protocol) or PTK (Cretan protocol), which smooths the cornea without fully correcting the refractive error, is safe. Full correction of refractive error in stable keratoconus is provided by an ICL lens.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>What is corneal hydrops?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sudden corneal edema after rupture of its inner membrane (Descemet&#8217;s) in advanced keratoconus. It manifests as sudden blurring, pain, and tearing in one eye. Requires an urgent visit; we treat with drops and observation, edema subsides within weeks, sometimes leaving a scar.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>Does keratoconus affect the ability to work or drive?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It depends on the visual acuity achieved with correction. Many patients after crosslinking and with well-fitted lenses meet driving requirements and work without restrictions. Disability certification applies only to severe, bilateral forms with significant vision reduction despite correction.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>How to prepare for the qualification examination?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Discontinue soft lenses for 7 days, rigid and scleral lenses for 3\u20134 weeks. Bring previous corneal maps and glasses prescriptions; comparison with them is the most valuable information about progression. After pupil dilation, do not drive for several hours.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>Do you treat keratoconus in children?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. In children and teenagers, keratoconus progresses fastest, so we perform crosslinking immediately after confirming progression, in cooperative teenagers under topical anesthesia in Warsaw or Krakow, and in younger children under general anesthesia at our center in Vienna. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>How does CAIRS differ from Intacs rings?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By material. Intacs and Keraring are segments made of PMMA plastic, which remain foreign bodies in the cornea and can shift or extrude. CAIRS are segments of human corneal tissue devoid of donor cells, which integrate with the cornea. We implant them into a channel created by a femtosecond laser at our center in Vienna; diagnosis and follow-ups take place in Poland.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>Where do you treat keratoconus?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Warsaw at ul. Kolejowa 1 and in Krakow at ul. Kluczborska 15\/U3; tomography, crosslinking, laser variants, and ICL lenses in both clinics, scleral lens fitting in Krakow, CAIRS at our center in Vienna. We accept patients from all over Poland; travel details: <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus-treatment-in-warsaw\/\">keratoconus treatment Warsaw<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus-treatment-in-krakow\/\">keratoconus treatment Krakow<\/a>.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-8d91637b\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset has-light-bg\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-8d91637bc\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Sign up for a non-binding visit and consultation to learn how we can improve your vision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe48e5de wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-secondary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">see how to book<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-list sl-sources sl-zrodla-kc\">\n<li>Gomes JAP, Tan D, Rapuano CJ et al. Global consensus on keratoconus and ectatic diseases. Cornea 2015;34(4):359\u2013369.   <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000408\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">doi:10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000408<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li>Wollensak G, Spoerl E, Seiler T. Riboflavin\/ultraviolet-A-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;135(5):620\u2013627.  <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02220-1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">doi:10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02220-1<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li>Raiskup F, Theuring A, Pillunat LE, Spoerl E. Corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in progressive keratoconus: ten-year results. J Cataract Refract Surg 2015;41(1):41\u201346.  <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.09.033\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">doi:10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.09.033<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li>Koller T, Mrochen M, Seiler T. Complication and failure rates after corneal crosslinking. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009;35(8):1358\u20131362.  <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.03.035\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">doi:10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.03.035<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li>McAnena L, Doyle F, O\u2019Keefe M. Cross-linking in children with keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2017;95(3):229\u2013239.  <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13224\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">doi:10.1111\/aos.13224<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li>Jacob S, Patel SR, Agarwal A et al. Corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segments (CAIRS) combined with corneal cross-linking for keratoconus. J Refract Surg 2018;34(5):296\u2013303. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/1081597X-20180223-01\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">doi:10.3928\/1081597X-20180223-01<\/a>  <\/li>\n\n<li>Regulation of the Minister of Health on guaranteed benefits in hospital treatment \u2013 corneal networking (cross-linking) in the NFZ basket from 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/zdrowie\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">gov.pl\/web\/zdrowie<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-a250cd8a\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset has-light-bg\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-a250cd8ac\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Related topics and further reading<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/crosslinking-keratoconus-treatment\/\">Crosslinking (CXL): protocols, procedure, price<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/intracorneal-rings-cairs\/\">CAIRS rings: biological corneal reconstruction<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus-pricing\/\">Keratoconus treatment price list<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/lens-surgery\/phakic-lenses\/\">Phakic ICL lenses for stable keratoconus<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/blog\/corneal-cone-dont-miss-the-first-symptoms\/\">First symptoms of keratoconus<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/blog\/diagnostyka-stozka-rogowki-w-gabinecie-okulistycznym-krok-po-kroku\/\">Keratoconus diagnosis step by step<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/blog\/corneal-cone-qualification-for-surgery\/\">Qualification for keratoconus surgery<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/blog\/soczewki-twarde-stabilnoksztaltne-w-leczeniu-stozka-rogowki\/\">Rigid and scleral lenses in keratoconus<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/blog\/kiedy-przeszczep-rogowki-nie-jest-konieczny-nowoczesne-metody-leczenia-stozka-rogowki\/\">When corneal transplant is not necessary<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/corneal-scars\/\">Corneal scars<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus-treatment-in-warsaw\/\">Keratoconus treatment in Warsaw<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus-treatment-in-krakow\/\">Keratoconus treatment in Krakow<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/stozek-rogowki-gdansk-trojmiasto\/\">Patients from Tricity and Pomerania<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"sl-medical-review wp-block-paragraph\">Content medically reviewed by Dr. med. univ. (Vienna) Victor Derhartunian, FEBO, FWCRS, a surgeon performing crosslinking since 2007. Last updated: October 2, 2026.     <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" id=\"swisslaser-page-schema\">{\n \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n \"@graph\": [\n  {\n   \"@type\": \"MedicalCondition\",\n   \"@id\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus\/#condition\",\n   \"name\": \"Sto\u017cek rog\u00f3wki (keratokonus)\",\n   \"alternateName\": [\n    \"keratokonus\",\n    \"keratoconus\",\n    \"rog\u00f3wka sto\u017ckowata\"\n   ],\n   \"url\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus\/\",\n   \"inLanguage\": \"en-GB\",\n   \"description\": \"Co to jest: niezapalna choroba rog\u00f3wki, w kt\u00f3rej os\u0142abiona tkanka \u015bcie\u0144cza si\u0119 i wybrzusza w kszta\u0142t sto\u017cka. Efekt: narastaj\u0105cy astygmatyzm nieregularny, zamglenie i rozdwajanie obrazu. 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About 10\u201315% of patients have a relative with keratoconus, and the risk in siblings is several times higher than in the general population. The predisposition is inherited, and eye rubbing and allergy trigger it. We recommend corneal tomography for siblings and children of patients, for children from about 10 years of age.\"\n     }\n    },\n    {\n     \"@type\": \"Question\",\n     \"name\": \"Can I wear contact lenses with keratoconus?\",\n     \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Yes, this is the primary non-surgical correction method. Soft lenses are sufficient only in the early stage; later, rigid gas permeable, hybrid, or scleral lenses are needed, which \u201coverride\u201d the irregular cornea. Lenses do not treat keratoconus or inhibit progression; crosslinking serves this purpose.\"\n     }\n    },\n    {\n     \"@type\": \"Question\",\n     \"name\": \"Will crosslinking improve my vision?\",\n     \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"The goal of crosslinking is to stop the disease, not to improve visual acuity. In some patients, the cornea flattens by 1\u20132 D after the procedure and vision improves slightly, but this should not be expected. If you are interested in better vision, we discuss the laser variant, CAIRS, or an ICL lens.\"\n     }\n    },\n    {\n     \"@type\": \"Question\",\n     \"name\": \"Can laser vision correction be performed with keratoconus?\",\n     \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Classic LASIK is contraindicated because it further weakens the cornea. However, combining crosslinking with topography-guided laser (Athenian protocol) or PTK (Cretan protocol), which smooths the cornea without fully correcting the refractive error, is safe. Full correction of refractive error in stable keratoconus is provided by an ICL lens.\"\n     }\n    },\n    {\n     \"@type\": \"Question\",\n     \"name\": \"What is corneal hydrops?\",\n     \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Sudden corneal edema after rupture of its inner membrane (Descemet's) in advanced keratoconus. It manifests as sudden blurring, pain, and tearing in one eye. Requires an urgent visit; we treat with drops and observation, edema subsides within weeks, sometimes leaving a scar.\"\n     }\n    },\n    {\n     \"@type\": \"Question\",\n     \"name\": \"Does keratoconus affect the ability to work or drive?\",\n     \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"It depends on the visual acuity achieved with correction. Many patients after crosslinking and with well-fitted lenses meet driving requirements and work without restrictions. Disability certification applies only to severe, bilateral forms with significant vision reduction despite correction.\"\n     }\n    },\n    {\n     \"@type\": \"Question\",\n     \"name\": \"How to prepare for the qualification examination?\",\n     \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Discontinue soft lenses for 7 days, rigid and scleral lenses for 3\u20134 weeks. Bring previous corneal maps and glasses prescriptions; comparison with them is the most valuable information about progression. After pupil dilation, do not drive for several hours.\"\n     }\n    },\n    {\n     \"@type\": \"Question\",\n     \"name\": \"Do you treat keratoconus in children?\",\n     \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Yes. In children and teenagers, keratoconus progresses fastest, so we perform crosslinking immediately after confirming progression, in cooperative teenagers under topical anesthesia in Warsaw or Krakow, and in younger children under general anesthesia at our center in Vienna.\"\n     }\n    },\n    {\n     \"@type\": \"Question\",\n     \"name\": \"How does CAIRS differ from Intacs rings?\",\n     \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"By material. Intacs and Keraring are segments made of PMMA plastic, which remain foreign bodies in the cornea and can shift or extrude. CAIRS are segments of human corneal tissue devoid of donor cells, which integrate with the cornea. We implant them into a channel created by a femtosecond laser at our center in Vienna; diagnosis and follow-ups take place in Poland.\"\n     }\n    },\n    {\n     \"@type\": \"Question\",\n     \"name\": \"Where do you treat keratoconus?\",\n     \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"In Warsaw at ul. Kolejowa 1 and in Krakow at ul. Kluczborska 15\/U3; tomography, crosslinking, laser variants, and ICL lenses in both clinics, scleral lens fitting in Krakow, CAIRS at our center in Vienna. We accept patients from all over Poland; travel details: keratoconus treatment Warsaw and keratoconus treatment Krakow.\"\n     }\n    }\n   ]\n  },\n  {\n   \"@type\": [\n    \"Physician\",\n    \"Person\"\n   ],\n   \"@id\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/#victor\",\n   \"name\": \"Victor Derhartunian\",\n   \"honorificPrefix\": \"Dr. med.\",\n   \"honorificSuffix\": \"FEBO, FWCRS\",\n   \"medicalSpecialty\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\/Ophthalmologic\",\n   \"url\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/o-nas\/dr-victor-derhartunian\/\",\n   \"worksFor\": {\n    \"@id\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/#organization\"\n   },\n   \"knowsAbout\": [\n    \"Keratoconus\",\n    \"Corneal cross-linking\",\n    \"CAIRS\",\n    \"Refractive surgery\"\n   ]\n  },\n  {\n   \"@type\": \"VideoObject\",\n   \"name\": \"Sto\u017cek rog\u00f3wki \u2013 co to jest i jak go leczy\u0107? | SwissLaser\",\n   \"description\": \"Dr Victor Derhartunian wyja\u015bnia po polsku, czym jest sto\u017cek rog\u00f3wki, jak wygl\u0105da tomografia i jak wybieramy metod\u0119 leczenia. Film z kana\u0142u SwissLaser.\",\n   \"thumbnailUrl\": [\n    \"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/4wWRUNwVydQ\/maxresdefault.jpg\",\n    \"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/4wWRUNwVydQ\/hqdefault.jpg\"\n   ],\n   \"uploadDate\": \"2022-10-26T10:00:00+02:00\",\n   \"transcript\": \"Sto\u017cek rog\u00f3wki jest chorob\u0105, jak ju\u017c nazwa m\u00f3wi, chorob\u0105 rog\u00f3wki. Dochodzi tutaj do uwypuklenia rog\u00f3wki i przez to uwypuklenie pacjentowi pogarsza si\u0119 ostro\u015b\u0107 wzroku i tej wady wzroku nie mo\u017cemy ju\u017c skorygowa\u0107 za pomoc\u0105 okular\u00f3w. Nie mo\u017cemy uzyska\u0107 pe\u0142nej ostro\u015bci wzroku, koryguj\u0105c t\u0105 wad\u0119 wzroku, wad\u0119 wzroku, kt\u00f3ra jest spowodowana sto\u017ckiem rog\u00f3wki za pomoc\u0105 okular\u00f3w. Jak to jest na przyk\u0142ad sto\u017cek, to sto\u017cek zwykle jest bardziej uwypuklony na dole i \u017ceby skorygowa\u0107 t\u0105 wad\u0119 wzroku, potrzebujemy u\u017cy\u0107 soczewek twardych, soczewek skleralnych i takie soczewki wyr\u00f3wnuj\u0105 formy rog\u00f3wki i tak samo poprawiaj\u0105 zdecydowanie wad\u0119 wzroku. To jest aspekt okularowy czy aspekt widzenia. Niemniej jednak w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci przypadk\u00f3w sto\u017cek rog\u00f3wki jest chorob\u0105 post\u0119pow\u0105, kt\u00f3ra si\u0119 pogarsza, zw\u0142aszcza u m\u0142odych ludzi. W takim wypadku mamy mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 u\u017cycia technologii crosslinkingu, za pomoc\u0105 kt\u00f3rej mo\u017cemy utwardzi\u0107 tak\u0105 rog\u00f3wk\u0119. Przy crosslinkingu usuwamy nab\u0142onek lub te\u017c s\u0105 mo\u017cliwo\u015bci, \u017ce bez usuni\u0119cia nab\u0142onka mo\u017cemy da\u0107 na rog\u00f3wk\u0119 witamin\u0119 B2 i potem na\u015bwietlamy promieniami UV. Przez kombinacj\u0119 witaminy B z promieniowaniem UV utwardza si\u0119 rog\u00f3wka i celem tego zabiegu jest stabilizacja organu rog\u00f3wki i w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci przypadk\u00f3w tak samo mo\u017ce te\u017c si\u0119 cofn\u0105\u0107 ta stromo\u015b\u0107 rog\u00f3wki, nieregularna rog\u00f3wka i wtedy pacjent powinien lepiej widzie\u0107. Czyli celem crosslinkingu jest stabilizacja organu rog\u00f3wki, a \u017ceby pacjent lepiej widzia\u0142, albo mo\u017cemy da\u0107 pacjentowi soczewki twarde, soczewki skleralne lub w niekt\u00f3rych przypadkach mo\u017cna wykona\u0107 laserow\u0105 korekcj\u0119 wzroku, bardziej regularyzuj\u0105c laserem rog\u00f3wk\u0119. Nie chodzi tutaj o pozbycie si\u0119 diopty, tylko o polepszenie jako\u015bci widzenia dla pacjenta. Muzyka\",\n   \"duration\": \"PT2M28S\",\n   \"embedUrl\": \"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4wWRUNwVydQ\",\n   \"contentUrl\": \"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4wWRUNwVydQ\",\n   \"inLanguage\": \"en-GB\",\n   \"publisher\": {\n    \"@id\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/#organization\"\n   }\n  },\n  {\n   \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",\n   \"@id\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus\/#diagram\",\n   \"contentUrl\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-rogowki-przekroj-pl.png\",\n   \"url\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/stozek-rogowki-przekroj-pl.png\",\n   \"name\": \"Rog\u00f3wka prawid\u0142owa i rog\u00f3wka ze sto\u017ckiem: \u015bcie\u0144czenie i sto\u017ckowate uwypuklenie zniekszta\u0142caj\u0105 obraz na siatk\u00f3wce\",\n   \"description\": \"Schemat: rog\u00f3wka prawid\u0142owa i sto\u017cek rog\u00f3wki \u2013 \u015bcie\u0144czenie i sto\u017ckowate uwypuklenie rog\u00f3wki zniekszta\u0142caj\u0105 obraz na siatk\u00f3wce (astygmatyzm nieregularny)\",\n   \"caption\": \"Schemat: rog\u00f3wka prawid\u0142owa i sto\u017cek rog\u00f3wki \u2013 \u015bcie\u0144czenie i sto\u017ckowate uwypuklenie rog\u00f3wki zniekszta\u0142caj\u0105 obraz na siatk\u00f3wce (astygmatyzm nieregularny)\",\n   \"width\": 1600,\n   \"height\": 1051,\n   \"inLanguage\": \"en-GB\",\n   \"encodingFormat\": \"image\/png\",\n   \"creator\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n    \"name\": \"SwissLaser\",\n    \"url\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/\"\n   },\n   \"copyrightHolder\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n    \"name\": \"SwissLaser\"\n   },\n   \"creditText\": \"SwissLaser\",\n   \"copyrightNotice\": \"\u00a9 2026 SwissLaser\",\n   \"license\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/regulamin\/\",\n   \"acquireLicensePage\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/kontakt\/\"\n  }\n ]\n}<\/script>\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-6d92a90d\" class=\"nv-cv-d nv-cv-m wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset sl-standorte\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-eca4e40b\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Where we perform this procedure<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We perform the procedure in both our clinics \u2013 the same surgeon, the same technology, and the same prices. Choose a location to see details, directions, and opening hours: <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus-treatment-in-warsaw\/\">Keratoconus Treatment in Warsaw<\/a><\/strong><br\/>ul. Kolejowa 1, 01-217 Warsaw \u00b7 tel.   <a href=\"tel:+48221201690\">+48 22 120 16 90<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus-treatment-in-krakow\/\">Keratoconus Treatment in Krakow<\/a><\/strong><br\/>ul. Kluczborska 15\/U3, 31-271 Krakow \u00b7 tel.   <a href=\"tel:+48123833360\">+48 12 383 33 60<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"sl-offer-schema\">\n{\n \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n \"@type\": \"OfferCatalog\",\n \"@id\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/keratoconus\/#preise-text\",\n \"name\": \"Sto\u017cek rog\u00f3wki\",\n \"itemListElement\": [\n  {\n   \"@type\": \"Offer\",\n   \"name\": \"Crosslinking (CXL)\",\n   \"priceCurrency\": \"PLN\",\n   \"description\": \"3 600 z\u0142\",\n   \"seller\": {\n    \"@id\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/#organization\"\n   },\n   \"itemOffered\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Service\",\n    \"name\": \"Crosslinking (CXL)\"\n   },\n   \"price\": 3600\n  },\n  {\n   \"@type\": \"Offer\",\n   \"name\": \"CXL + laser (krete\u0144ski, ate\u0144ski, TCW)\",\n   \"priceCurrency\": \"PLN\",\n   \"description\": \"8 700 z\u0142\",\n   \"seller\": {\n    \"@id\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/#organization\"\n   },\n   \"itemOffered\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Service\",\n    \"name\": \"CXL + laser (krete\u0144ski, ate\u0144ski, TCW)\"\n   },\n   \"price\": 8700\n  },\n  {\n   \"@type\": \"Offer\",\n   \"name\": \"Pier\u015bcienie CAIRS\",\n   \"priceCurrency\": \"PLN\",\n   \"description\": \"16 000 z\u0142\",\n   \"seller\": {\n    \"@id\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/#organization\"\n   },\n   \"itemOffered\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Service\",\n    \"name\": \"Pier\u015bcienie CAIRS\"\n   },\n   \"price\": 16000\n  },\n  {\n   \"@type\": \"Offer\",\n   \"name\": \"Soczewki ICL\",\n   \"priceCurrency\": \"PLN\",\n   \"description\": \"11 000 z\u0142\",\n   \"seller\": {\n    \"@id\": \"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/#organization\"\n   },\n   \"itemOffered\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Service\",\n    \"name\": \"Soczewki ICL\"\n   },\n   \"price\": 11000\n  }\n ]\n}\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sources<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"on","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17356","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17356"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31715,"href":"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17356\/revisions\/31715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swisslaser.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}